Questions 1-6 Sobel

TCP connections which can be blocked by firewalls.. Which command would you give to update all installed packages using yam? Um update but If you are using older versions the yum update might not work you would need to use the yum update command Why would you build a package from a source ode when a (binary) RPM file Is evolvable? = because a source code you can modify the shell and with a binary you cannot also some binary distributions require that you unpack the software from the root directory Suggest two advantages that RPM files have over source distributions? = automatic dependency resolution, faster installation, easier to deploy.When you compile a package yourself rather from an RPM file, which directory hierarchy should you put It In? = /USSR,'local/mend What deer some steps you should take before performing an upgrade on a mission critical server? Perform the upgrade on an identically configured spare system and see what breaks and how to fix It. In particular, look for r ampages files and see what configuration information needs to be changed manually, when would you use RPM -I instead of RPM ?u?You would use -l (followed by the name) to leave the old kernel intact when you install a new kernel and the -u (command) followed by the name of the file you would use when you want to upgrade the package and install the new package. And make sure you have everything backed up also as a safety precaution Page 582 chapter 14 questions 1-10 which commands can you use from the command line to send a file to the default printer? Ip filename or you can use Pr filename and either of those commands will print to the default printer or the only printer on the system.What command would you give to cancel all print jobs on the system? You can use either cancel -a or PRM – but you have to be in root in order to have this command work Which commands list your outstanding print Jobs? You can use Pips or you can use Pasta and either one of those will tell you what print jobs are in the queue What is the purpose of sharing a Linux printer using a samba? Sheering d Linux printer using Samba allows Windows and SO/2 clients to send print Jobs to the printer Name three printing protocols that cups supports? Http, PDP/lap,SMB and jittered (socket) protocols and up Is the native protocol which command list the Installed printer drivers available to cups? Pippin -m head How would you send a text file toe printer connected to d first parallel port without using the print queue? Cat tile ; deeper that is a command you can use, the bad thing is that it does not check to see if there Is other files being printed and you could get bunch of garbled output which ends up wasting paper and the other bad thing about It Is that you do not get another command prompt till the printing is finished unless you add an ampersand to the end of the command.What command would you use to add the printer to the TLS USB port Witt the name USB printer Vitamin -p Sprinter -E USB:/deep/USB/loop -P unprinted. PDP How would you define a quota that allows each user to print up to 50 pages per week too printer named Laser? = Vitamin -p laser -o Job page-limit?50 Define a set of access control rules for a let;Location; container inside etc/cups/cusps. Con that would allow anyone to print to all printers as long as they were either on the local machine or in the madwoman. Com domain? = ;Location [printers;gt

Compare the Crucible and the Mccarthy Era Essay

The McCarthy era, which took place during the 1950s in the United States was a time people was afraid of communism. Americans believed the Soviet Union going to take over the government of the United States and Americans can lose their freedom. As a result of McCarthyism Arther Miller, wrote The Crucible because people was falsely accused of communism like how in Salam that was accused of witchcraft. During this period, a climate of fear of communism existed in the United States due to certain significant events. One of these events was the trial of Alger hiss. Whittaker chambers a former Soviet Union clams that Alger hiss had been giving the Soviet Union information about the united state government. In court chambers was ask about his association with Alger Hiss. Chambers had described how he stayed with Alger and his wife Priscilla for some time. Chambers said how tried to get Alger to leave the communist party, but he refused to leave the party. Alger hiss claim that he don’t know a man name Whittaker and he never seen him before in his life. Nixon asks chambers many questions about Alger’s nicknames, habits, vacations and hobbies. Chambers said the Hiss both had the same hobby –amateur ornithologists and bird observers. On October 8, chambers find four notes handwritten by Alger hiss, copies of state documents and 35mm film. Alger was accused of making copies of state government. The documents were type using Woodstock typewriter. Another event that cause fear during the McCarthy era is the effect of the Korean War. The Korean War was between the noncommunist and communist. Korea was divided by the communist the north and noncommunist the south. On June 25, 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea. America sends over the navy, Army and some of the united nation to help South Korea fight off North Korea. North Korea pushed past and got to the capital of South Korea call Seoul. The South Korea pushes them back to the 38th parallel line. The Korea war finally ended July of 1953. The Americans fear if they had let North Korea  conjured South Korea then communism will spread to the United States. During the 1987 the Soviet Union is trying to create more deadly missiles and weapons. For the first time in 1986 an adversary has the ability to destroy our country and us in the matters of minutes (Chapman). The Soviet Union has an advantage because they have nuclear missiles. Also the Soviet Union has done their research on ballistic missile defenses and land base missals. The climate of fear of communism in the United States leads to the rise of McCarthyism. McCarthyism is a mid-20th century political attitude characterized chiefly by opposition to elements held to be subversive and by the use of tactics involving personal attacks on individuals by means of widely publicized indiscriminate allegations especially on the basis of unsubstantiated charges. Joseph McCarthy on December 2, 1954 was voted senate of the United States. McCarthy gave a speech on February 9, 1950 in West Virginia; he said he had a list of 205 people in the State Department known to be members of the Communist Party. Joseph used his manipulate way and the era’s fear of global communism allowed him to build power while destroying lives and careers.   The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities of private citizens, public employees, and t organizations suspected of having Communist ties.

Carer’s and UK social work law Essay

               ‘Carers’ need support from the civil law, not punished by the criminal law. To what extent do you consider the law treats ‘carers’?                ‘Carers’ have become an essential aspect in the lives of the UK citizens. A carer can be referred to as anyone who cares, unpaid, for a friend or family member who due to illness, disability, a mental health problem, or an addiction cannot cope without his or her (carer) support. There are various reasons behind any individual taking on caring are varied, but can contain causes such as: Serious physical illness, Long-term physical disability, Long-term neurological conditions, Mental health problems, Dementia, Addiction, Learning difficulties.                   Just as the reason why someone becomes a carer varies, the same is the case for the tasks that a carer fulfills. These tasks include practical house hold tasks, personal care and emotional support among many others. Just like any other individual in United Kingdom, the ‘carers’ needs protection by the law especially the civil law and not being subjected to punishment by the criminal law. The justice system in the United Kingdom is the mechanism that upholds the rule of law. The country’s courts provide a forum that is effective in resolving disputes as well as to test and enforce laws in a rational and fair manner. Moreover, the courts system has formed the basis for the solving of any disputes and law breaking offences in the community and at all levels (Swain & Rice, 2009).                â€Å"Law and social work† have become an important aspect in the United Kingdom social set up. It refers to the crossing point between the carrying out of the communal work and the legal structure in the country. This includes components of the legal system such as the: legal establishments (prisons and courts among others), case law, and legal experts such as the judges, attorneys, forensic experts, paralegals, and alternative dispute resolution, among many others. Law plays numerous significant roles in the ‘carers’ practice of social work. For example, from an environmental viewpoint, the legal structure is an essential part of any client’s social setting. Numerous social work clients are concerned with legal structures, such as criminal justice, child security, or mental health. ‘Carers’ need to be sensitive of the laws that controls or regulates every structure so as to help clients steer their way through these s tructures more efficiently, and to be capable of advocating for law improvement to improve the integrity of fit linking clients and their socio-legal surroundings. In addition, laws also oversee loads of interactions of interest to social work clients (McIvor & Raynor, 200). These include relationships such as tenant/landlord, employer/worker, patient/physician, children and parents as well as customer/vendor among others relationships. Hence, familiarity of the law ought to give practitioners with a realistic perceptive of their clients’ rights and responsibilities in a wide variety of social relations. Subsequent, organization-specific laws regulate a number of social agencies such as the hospitals, social assistance, schools, mental health facilities, correctional institutions, and other social agencies. Organization-specific laws may order who is qualified for services, principles for record keeping, privacy, and other client civil rights (McIvor & Raynor, 200).                ‘Carers’ or better still ‘Social workers’ have to comprehend these laws in turn to make sure that their organizations abide by the laws, and to be able to advocate for modifications in the law so as to encourage better and bigger economic and social impartiality. Thirdly, different laws control the occupation of social work itself. Mostly there are licensing and/or authorization laws that control the carrying out of social work, as well as who possibly will practice and what values of performance are lawfully allowed for them to perform. ‘Carers’ should also be conscious of unprofessional conduct or (tort) bylaws that make out when a ‘carer’ may be legally accountable for inducing injury or harm to a customer if they carry out their practiced duties in an approach that falls below a rational level of care. In summary, some ‘carers’ has their work in forensic surroundings, conducting examinations , valuation, and treatment for clients involved in court or other legal systems. Such settings include probation, prison, child custody assessment, and uncontrolled committal to mental health foundations (McIvor & Raynor, 200).                   Despite being vital in the governance of any country, there is great difference between the civil and criminal law. The two are different as well as broad components of law with distinct of laws and punishments. â€Å"The disparity stuck between criminal law and civil law is reflected on the two varied objects which law seeks to practise, put right or penalty. The constituent of civil law is the putting right of wrongs through by forceful compensation or repayment: the offender is not penalized; he only undergoes so much harm as is indispensable to make good the wrong he has done. The person who has suffered gets a specific benefit from the law, or at least he avoids a loss. Alternatively, in the case of crimes, the main objective of the law is to discipline the reprobate; to give him and others strong enticements not to commit same or similar crimes, as well as to change him preferably and also satisfy the public sense that wrongdoing ought to meet wit h revenge.† For example, the criminal law entails cases such as burglary, assault, murder among others while the civil entails aspects such as malpractice and negligence (Swain & Rice, 2009).                  Over the time the social work and the law in United Kingdom has come along together forming a relationship where one cannot do without the other. The law calls for a must registration of the carers in one of the many registers organizations in the country. This allows for the effective protection of the ‘carers’ by the law. This has brought along a clear understanding of the law and in turn defining what is ethically right for the caregivers in their work. The social law has called for ‘Carers’ need to recognize diversity in the caring services. Respecting and Valuing service users, irrespective of, for example, their ethical definitions, gender or age is central to excellent practice by the . It is also about working in a way that counters the unfair or unequal treatment of individuals or groups on the basis of their race, gender, class, age, culture, religion, sexuality or ability. There is a growing body of law that seeks to p rohibit and punish a range of discriminatory behaviors in various kinds of social setting, for example in the provision of services and in employment opportunities. For social workers, valuing diversity entails more than this. Social work professionals need to be aware that there are structural dimensions to discrimination.                The law defines what the carer ought to observe when offering their services to their clients. One of the key aspects that they are supposed to observe is the need to protect the rights and support the interests of service users and ‘carers’. In addition, the law also requires the ‘carers’ to strive towards establishing and maintaining the confidence and trust of service users and ‘carers’ or themselves. Other requirement by the law to the social care givers include: promote the independence of service users while protecting them as far as possible from danger or harm. Valuing the rights of service users whilst in search to ensure that their behavior does not hurt themselves or other people. Endorse public trust and confidence in social care services, and also be e responsible for the quality of their work and take responsibility for maintaining and improving their knowledge and skills.                Social work is a responsible and demanding job. Practitioners work in social settings characterised by enormous diversity, and they perform a range of roles, requiring different skills. Public expectations, agency requirements, resources, and the needs of service users all create pressures for social workers. The public receives only a snapshot of a social worker’s responsibilities and, against a background of media concentration on the sensational, the thousands of successful outcomes and years of hard work in childcare and with vulnerable adults are never considered. In intervening in people’s lives, social workers face practice dilemmas arising from the relationship between social work values and the law (for example, working to promote the rights and self-determination of service users and having to balance this with the need to protect them and to protect the rights of others (Swain & Rice, 2009).                  The relationship between social work and the law is part of an ongoing debate. There are those who adopt a legalistic model and argue that the law, reflected through court orders, is central to social work practice (for example, Blom-Cooper, 1985). Others have argued that over-reliance on the law fails to address the problems people face and may even exacerbate them. This seems to present a dilemma for practice. The growing importance of the law in social work practice and decision-making is reflected in the training requirements for professionals working in the field of social work (Department of Health, 2002). Yet it is essential that alongside this there is a value base with an emphasis on principles, such as partnership, equality, and empowerment, which must inform good practice (Bashir, 1999).                Over the past two decades, there have been a number of events that raised serious questions regarding social work practice. There has been fierce debate in relation to child protection issues, the changes within the criminal justice system (for example the introduction, by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, of anti-social behaviour orders) and the effectiveness of community care. There have been well-documented tragedies and errors of judgement (Blom-Cooper, 1985), apparent over-zealousness such as in the Cleveland affair (Butler-Sloss, 1988) and the misuse of power in residential care in the ‘pin down’ affair (Levy and Kahan, 1991).                  For many professionals in the field of social work, the publicity surrounding these and other events has led to a feeling of crisis. Social work as a profession has frequently been under attack since the mid-1980s, and this has undermined the public’s awareness of social work’s successes. For example, one of the observations about the Children Act 1989 was that it was based on current best practice within social work at the time, though such practice was not sufficiently widespread. The Act represented a new start for children, families, and other professionals working with children by radically changing the legal framework regulating the care and upbringing of children (Hardy and Hannibal, 1997). No legislation or legal framework can remain static, however, and because of reviews and enquiries such as the Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report (Department of Health and Home Office, 2003), the Children Act 1989 has been significantly updated, and t he way in which it is interpreted, resourced and implemented has been strengthened (Braye & Preston, 1997).                The law is one way in which established but discriminatory practices can be and are challenged. At the same time, however, the law can be seen as supportive of the prevailing social order, shaped by dominant forces that perpetuate inequality and injustice. Nevertheless, there are some key values embedded in legislation that are supportive of social work values. For example, the Human Rights Act (HRA) 1998 incorporates the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) into UK law, with the result that the principles enshrined in the articles of the ECHR are directly applicable within the UK. These principles include respect for family privacy (Article 8) and an insistence on procedural fairness in the resolution of disputes (Article 6). Further, Article 14 aims at ensuring that the rights contained within the ECHR are secured without discrimination on any ground. The impact of the HRA 1998 on social care and social work has already been consider able (Bashir, 1999).                  Thus, it is important to recognise that the law expresses some values that accord with social work values and can help you to work in a positive way to support and empower service users. However, it is also important for social work practitioners to be aware of the ways in which the law can fail people. For example, there is little legislation to protect adults who are vulnerable through age. Community care legislation may provide that certain people are entitled to an assessment of their needs, but this is largely at the discretion of the local authority and it can be difficult for service users to challenge such decision-making (Bashir, 1999).                Although agency policies and procedures also set parameters within which discretion is exercised, often the individual social worker makes the initial decision. This choice will be influenced by a range of factors, including the knowledge and understanding of the social worker, his or her experience of similar situations, the viability of available options – including the law and ongoing policy – and the social worker’s own values (Braye & Preston, 1997). Conclusion                Social work practice is based upon assessments of situations and decisions about strategies to be adopted. Sometimes there can be a tension between the law and working within social work values; the law provides the framework for practice. In the next section, you are going to examine the legal structures and processes within which social work skills are applied. In summary, it is vital for the civil carers to have support from the law and most importantly from the civil law and the social work law in United Kingdom, and not to be punished by the criminal law. The law forms the framework of all the actions carried out by the carers and in turn, it rather than being punished should protect them. References Baker, C. (ed.) (1998)  Human Rights Act 1998: A Practitioner’s Guide, London, Sweet and Maxwell. Bashir, A. (1999) ‘Working in racist Britain’,  Community Care, 21–27 October, p. 26. Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M. and Wade, J. (1992)  Prepared for Living? A Survey of Young People Leaving the Care of Three Local Authorities, London, National Children’s Bureau. Blom-Cooper, L. (1985)  A Child in Trust: The Beckford Report, London, London Borough of Brent. Braye, S. and Preston-Shoot, M. (1997)  Practising Social Work Law, Basingstoke, Macmillan. Brechin, A. (2000) ‘Introducing critical practice’ in Brechin, A., Brown, H. and Eby, M.A. (eds)  Practice and Health in Social Care, London, Sage. British Association of Social Workers (2003)  Code of Ethics for Social Work  [online].  www.basw.co.uk/articles [Accessed 12 September 2005]. Butler-Sloss, E. (1988)  Report of the Inquiry into Child Abuse in Cleveland, London, HMSO. McIvor, G., & Raynor, P. (2007).  Developments in social work with offenders. London: Jessica Kingsley. Hayes, D., Humphries, B., & Cohen, S. (2004).  Social work, immigration and asylum: Debates, dilemmas and ethical issues for social work and social care practice. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Swain, P. A., & Rice, S. (2009).  In the shadow of the law: The legal context of social work practice. Annandale, N.S.W: The Federation Press Source document

Microsoft Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microsoft Corporation - Essay Example Strong Brand Image: Microsoft is a well known brand the world over. Anybody having anything to do with the field of IT, computers or technology finds the italicised brand name easily distinguishable and identifiable. Microsoft was firmly placed at third position after Google and GE in the ranking of brands being finalised by MillwardBrown for the year 2008. In fact, while many of the reputed brands have slipped down their positions, Microsft has firmly held on to its position for couple of years. With a brand value of $ million 70,887, the company saw a rise of 29% in its brand value as compared to 2007. Well Organised R&D set-up: Microsoft is known to be continuously on the lookout for an upgrade or latest product or service with focus on the innovation and customer convenience. Microsoft was one of the first software companies to make provisions for R&D activities way back in 1991 itself. With R&D labs at six places around the world, the company has more than 800 researchers studying more than 55 areas of research. Wide range of Product portfolio: If we talk of an operating system, Windows is the first name that crops up. In fact Windows itself became a brand identity for operating software. Now with valuable upgrades like Vista, the OS range is quite wide. Besides the OS, a number of other products like Office tools, development tools, multimedia software, client-server tools etc. provide a remarkable strength to the company. Strategic tie-ups with a number of reputed companies: Microsoft has been working in close co-ordination with a number of companies. For example computer manufacturers like Dell, HP; multimedia and audio-visual products like Sony, Phillips etc. are the strategic partners of Microsoft. Consistent operating performance: Microsoft has seen healthy operating figures consistently for many years. The results announced for the fiscal quarter ended Sept 30 2008 has shown revenues worth $15.06 billion with a 9% increase over the corresponding period last year2. The average returns of the company over the last five year period ending June 2007 indicate consistency in performance. The average return on assets, return on investments and return on equity figures during the last five years were 14.3%, 18.5% and 20.2% respectively, higher than the industry averages of 11.7%, 16.5% and 19% for the same period (Datamonitor, 2007). Weaknesses Uneven Geographic Concentration: Though Microsoft has operations in many countries around the world, but a cursory look at its financial statements indicate that company's revenues from the US contributed to 62% of the total revenues of the company in 2007 leaving just 38% for the rest of the world (Datamonitor, 2007). In fact, the revenue figures are not indicative of the existing usage of Microsoft software because of a large number of pirated versions doing the rounds in many countries around the world. But Microsoft has not been able to do much to tackle this menance. Decreasing share of search market: Microsoft's search engine MSN search is being replaced by Google all around the world at a rapid pace. Microsoft, having been a leader in software products has not been able to come out with a matching answer to Google indicates sorry state of affairs for the company. Opportunities Increasing emphasis on emerging markets: Microsoft has been strengthening its operations in countries like China and India, the major untapped, yet highly promising markets. With America under recessionary trends, company will do a world of favour to itself if it is able to set off some of the losses by being better focused towards such markets. Launch of Newer Products: The Windows Vista launched in 2007 has come out with many improved features over the

Library Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Library - Assignment Example This can be easily proved by the fact that the major element in the company’s policy is the ability to create and give a high level of customer service and support. Blue Nile faces some business risks that may threaten its ability to satisfy stockholder expectations. The major problem for the company is the situation when primary competitors come from online and offline retailers. The latter suggested products from the higher value segment of the market in this field. There are several ways chosen by Blue Nile to handle and change this situation. They are: the creation of some new designs for jewelry, 2) the encouragement to offer as many discounts and memberships as possible and 3) the creation of more endorsement. Blue Nile is a merchandiser. Everything in the company functions to achieve the best results in the market. For instance, Blue Nile does everything to display all possible guarantees and polices on its website to make this information available for customers. This adds popularity and environment of trust to the company. Works Cited www.sec.gov/edgar/searhedgar/companyseach.html

China as a super power Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

China as a super power - Term Paper Example On March 4, 2007, China announced that it was going to increase its military to a total of 45 billion dollars (Tkacik, 2007). This was the biggest annual increase in China’s military budget; however, China was quick to reassure the world that there was no need to worry by calling the increment normal. A further look into this increment indicated that China has an intention to challenge the United States’ military supremacy. This could lead to a situation where China is the United States’ single competitor with regard to influence and military supremacy. China’s air force and space activity is on the rise. The army in China has got roughly 300 Russian fourth generation flankers; it has also got several homemade Jian-11 planes and 76 Sukhoi multi-role fighter jets. Russia and Israel assisted the Chinese air force in procuring 50 Jian-10 fighter jets. These jets were based on the United States F-16 technology. China has intentions to build more of these plane s. China has increased its production and deployment of the short-range ballistic missiles which are said to be aimed at Taiwan. This production has grown from 50 per year in 1990s to 150 missiles annually today. The industries that produce such missiles in China are said to grow at the same pace. In general, China’s rocket soldiers and its air force are expanding at an unprecedented pace. According to China’s 2006 White Paper, there is evidence that China is moving to offensive. This military might of China is growing from regional to trans-regional mobility. The air to ground military capacity has also grown, including long distance maneuvers and exceptional operations. The Chinese navy has grown in strength into a force that can operate in the maritime operations and can ably handle nuclear counterattacks. The Chinese air force has continued to increase its capabilities to strike, tried to procure air and missile defense shield systems and is looking into more offen sive and defensive operations. All these are an early warning shot of the Chinese reconnaissance. According to a report by Congress, China’s policy is now global and extremely bold. China has always been underrated and many times the United States said that China has not acquired the status of a super power. Thomas Jefferson, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, observed that the United States had to trade all over the world if it had to become a global power economically. Beijing’s assessment is that it has grown to the extent that its economic growth depends on foreign markets. This also includes the natural resources from other countries around the world. China‘s economy has been growing rapidly, and China is seeking military might that can protect this growth. This is similar to Jefferson’s observation that the United Stated had to build its military strength if it was to safeguard its military strength globally. It seems that the rise of the Pe ople’s Republic of China is both legitimate and inevitable (McLean, 2007). However, according to Condoleezza Rice, the former Secretary of State of the United States, the US needs to help China operate within the international rules framework before it has fully acquires the status of a military super power. Many view the rise of China as an exceedingly dangerous happening. Why does Bleicher think the fears are overblown? According to Samuel Bleicher, the idea that China is an emerging super power is a creation of the media. He believes s that

Theories and Techniques of Coaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theories and Techniques of Coaching - Essay Example The coach was an active and vociferous person who had a strong voice. His overall style of coaching appeared to be a domineering style in which he expected total compliance with his instructions leaving no ground to implement any suggestions from the participating players or managers that stood y the sidelines. On many occasions during the practice session the coach overruled placement of at least three players away from positions where they were apparently not performing well. The coach also appeared to have a control philosophy in that he had extra cordial interactions with a few players -two of these were the players that he insisted on retaining in fixed positions through out the practice session. It was also clear that the coach was brusque with few other players-these were particularly those that were in the university team as reserve players. In addition the coach was ignoring another set of players with only few of his instructions being addressed to them. This exception phil osophy was, strangely, not related to performance as most players that appeared close to him were not performing exceptionally-as yet the coach did not make specific and sufficient attempts to spur such players on. On the contrary the better players appeared to experience and feel the discrimination and in the matter of proper positioning they expressed often their exasperation at achieving no ground with the coach. These players were positioned invariably for long runs that costed them stamina and energy. This was an example of unclean play. This discrimination was apparently eating both ways into the morale and motivation of the divided team. Favorite players appeared to have turned complacent whereas the better performing players appeared frustrated by the discrimination. This discrimination was not only unethical but also an ineffective way of controlling the team towards learning objectives and performance. There was an intense feeling of having ended a routine session of game practice after the session was called off; encourse the session several passes and tackles-particularly from the favorite players-remained uncorrected. In a tell tale reflection of the divisionary practices of the coach ,at the end of practice session, the three groups of players departed three ways.-with the reserve players hurrying outside ,the better performing but slighted players going with the managers and the favorite players accompanying the coach to locker area where apparently they had an impromptu close group celebration. The same team was witnessed again in the major game they ha a few days later. It was almost a replication of the practice session with the team playing in three groups. The coach gave short running positions to his favorites and long running positions to better players-who were good at shots and shooting. The coach gave full exposures to his favorites ad the entire set of such players were retained through out the match ;whereas better players were chang ed with reserves to the maximum allowable extent. The overall morale and motivation of the team appeared very low and the team lost 6-2.The two goals were also scored by better players who were extra to do the jobs of favorite players who were not found in position. Discrimination and groupism cannot help

Common Law Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Common Law Tort - Essay Example Fairness (natural justice) was restored to common law by the caselaw of Ridge vs. Baldwin3. (W)hat the requirements of fairness demand from any body, domestic or administrative or judicial, has to make a decision which will affect the rights of individuals depends on the character of the decision making body, the kind of decision it has to make and the statutory or other framework in which it operates.4 Negligence, definition and elements. At common law, there is liability for damage caused by unintentional but negligent acts or omissions. "Negligence is the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do."6 In strict legal analysis, negligence means more than heedless or careless conduct, whether in omission or commission; it properly connotes the complex concept of duty, breach and damage thereby suffered by the person to whom the duty was owing. (1934)7 According to Denning L.J.11, all the elements are really the same thing. What is being required by court as a matter of social policy is risk because when P is injured because of risk created by D, the latter (D) ought to be required by law to compensate the injured party (P). In effect, duty, proximate cause and remoteness continually run into each other; they are simply ways of looking at the same thing. Two of the elements are factual, namely cause - in - fact and damage, while duty of care, standard of care and remoteness are questions of law. Causa Sine Qua Non. Upon P is laid the burden of establishing each and every element in the required quantum of evidence. P is required to prove that the breach of which he complains caused the damage for which he claims12 and he does so by proving that "but for" the breach of duty he would not have suffered the damage. He must prove such causation in both factual and legal aspects. The determination of factual causation comes before that of legal causation. The causal connection between the act or omission constituting the breach of duty and the damage as a fact must be proven to exist and the "But For" test determines and establishes that an event constituting the negligence and another constituting the damage are in fact linked. In multiple possible causes, the claimant must prove that the defendant's breach of duty caused

Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Marketing Research - Essay Example It is therefore important that the manufacturer picks another sample so that he eventually has an average estimate of opinions from both the large and the small hardware. It is likely that the first sample was influenced by issues which could have affected the quality of the results. It therefore creates the need to make another picking. In order to have a better selection of the sample to be picked, it is important that the other information is provided regarding the case. For instance the ability of the small store to purchase the potential products is a very important parameter in this respect and should therefore form part of the parameters to be used in making the decisions in the given case. 2) One of the most distracting mannerisms realized from the presentation was the presenter’s frequent peeping into his phone without any particular reason for that. The presenter kept glaring at his phone to the extent that the audience was concerned. However, the he occasionally used his hands in stressing particular points so as to add weight to his oral presentation. In the same vein, the presentation was a bit interactive since the presenter occasionally posed questions to the audience. The presenter would also give the audience the opportunity to ask questions at particular intervals. To improve the quality of the presentation, other visual aids like PowerPoint could be used in order to animate the process. In the presentation, it was however very lively to be bored. 3) A written presentation can be evaluated by several parameters in the presentation. A presentation should be flowing in the manner it is written with brief and concise sentences. It is also important to avoid verbosity in the presentation. Moreover, a written presentation is evaluated on the basis of the length and the relevance to the topic to be addressed. The presentation of a research proposal and a research results must

Indirect Theories and Moral Equality Theories on Kindness to Non-Human Essay

Indirect Theories and Moral Equality Theories on Kindness to Non-Human Animals - Essay Example This means that despite them being non-human animals that â€Å"are not rational, self-conscious beings capable of grasping the moral law† ( 63 ), they still have intrinsic moral worth. According to Kant, animals are not included in the human territory because only humans are capable of creating and understanding moral laws. This also means that while a human, being an â€Å"end in itself† ( 64 ) are not indebted to animals, kindness towards animals â€Å"will help develop good character in us and help us treat our fellow human beings with greater consideration† ( 63 ). Aside from making humans less likely to be cruel to other humans, kindness to animals makes human beings fulfill the indirect duties to humanity, which is a categorical imperative. Kant provides good examples of this claim. A dog, for example, may not have rights like humans do, but letting the dog suffer is a reflection of lack of humanity. Kind treatment of the dog, especially one that has been faithful over time, in not necessarily a human being’s duty towards the animal, but a human being’s duty of â€Å"humanity which it is his duty to show towards mankind† ( 64 ). Cruelty to animals, according to Kant, reflects in humans an immoral tendency that might be inflicted to fellow humans. However, despite the need to be kind to animals, they should not be treated as ends in themselves. Human beings â€Å"serve(s) the will as the objective ground for its self-determination† ( 63 ), yet this is not the same with non-human animals. Animals are a means to an end, and that end is man. This means that while man does not have the right to use other people in ways to serve another human’s end, the case is not the same with animals. Still, one must consider that kindness towards animals is an imperative that will ultimately serve the end purpose that is humanity. Human beings require respect because they are sovereign and have freedom. Such autonomy is important and a creature can only have it by having free will. Since animals do not have the capacity for reason and are not guided by consciousness, they do not really have free will, and are thus not autonomous. Kant has a strong point when he says that one can ask, â€Å"Why do animals exist?† ( 64 ). However, the question â€Å"Why does man exist?† is meaningless ( 64 ). It seems the argument is that animals exist for a specific purpose, and one of those purposes is to serve the goals of man. Kant’s arguments make strong points. However, some amendments may be done according to some principles of consideration. While animals do not have the capacity for reason, are not guided by consciousness, do not really have free will, and are not autonomous, humans should act with â€Å"consideration in satisfying (their) needs and interests† ( 76 ). Singer quotes Bentham: â€Å"The day may come when the rest of the animal creation may acquire those rights wh ich never could have been withholden from them but by the hand of tyranny† ( 76 ). Does this mean that consideration of one’s needs and interests apply to animals as well, and that giving animals rights is utterly necessary to reach this goal? To answer this requires not only a slight reconstruction of Kant’s views, but of Singer’s as well. What is required here is to determine if animals have morally significant needs and interests. The emphasis on moral significance means that withholding such could inflict unnecessary harm and suffering to non-human animals. Do animals have welfare or well-being that could benefit or be harmed by the non-existence of animal rights? It could be possible. However, saying this about a creature lacking logic, consciousness, and free will is tantamount to saying the same regarding a, say, car. Do animals have needs and interes

Nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing - Term Paper Example This particular objective is affective in nature. The reason for this is that it involves an emotional assessment of the acquired knowledge. It is a vertical growth from the cognitive stage (Read 1997). The third objective was to devise appropriate alternative learning activities. This objective is psychomotor in terms of domain because it a practical use of related knowledge. It marks a kind of physical process in the conceptualization process where acquired knowledge is processes into applied forms of knowledge. The fourth objective for this course was to develop a theoretically based justification for the alternative learning activity you suggest. This objective is also psychomotor in the sense in which it involves the practical conversion of the primary knowledge into its respective derivatives. This stage bridges the process of knowledge into all possible forms and by so doing creates more room for the expansion for the general body of knowledge. The various forms through which the primary knowledge is expressed therefore become the fresh thesis from which further advances might be made in the generation of knowledge. The cognitive domain as represented in the first objective can be characterized according to all the six levels of the cognitive domain. Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. The environment and the teaching aids that make up the learning environment are quite conducive for these levels (O’Connor 2006). The electronic visual equipments such as the power point projector and the computer systems together with the controls of light and temperature are significant factors that define the six levels in the cognitive domain. The domain of the second objective is affective. The set up in the study environment satisfies the level of receiving, responding, valuing, and organizing. The study area has tools for auditory effects and is amply supplied with tools to measure and evaluate. This means therefore that

Drugs and Aging Essay Example for Free

Drugs and Aging Essay Over the years, the medical world has conducted various studies and researches about the effects of drug abuse on health. Drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, opium, morphine, and heroine are just some of the most commonly abused drugs that could also cause serious health problems such as heart attacks, brain damage, cancer, liver disease, impotence, and even HIV/AIDS. Apart from these conditions, substance abuse can also greatly affect an individual’s aging process (Anderson 432). According to studies, drugs have a great effect on a person’s aging process. It particularly targets and damages important body organ such as the heart, brain, and liver. Researches also suggest that drug abuse also alters and impedes the function of these organs which in turn exacerbates the aging process. The aging however, dies not stop with the internal organs. Instead, it also manifests on the person’s physical or outer appearance. Almost all drugs produce a certain side effect on the body’s aging course. However, substances such as nicotine, cocaine, and alcohol are three of the most abused drugs that deteriorate the body’s natural vitality (Anderson 432). Nicotine is said to be one of the top substances that rapidly ages and harms the body. It is a type of alkaloid found in the Solanaceae plant family. It is present and widely taken in the form of cigarettes and tobacco. When smoked, this substance blends in with the blood which in turn passes through the lungs and the brain. It only takes a few seconds before its chemicals such as acetylcholine, arginine, dopamine, beta-endorphine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin stimulates and then relaxes the body. According to users smoking cigarettes gives them a feeling of calmness, relaxation, as well as alertness (Late 1). Despite of its soothing and stimulating effects, nicotine can also cause damaging consequences to the body particularly in its aging process. It harms the lungs, brain, and the heart. According to researches, nicotine has very powerful effects on the body’s arteries. It raises the blood pressure and constricts the arteries. This condition makes it more difficult for the heart to pump blood. Apart from this, nicotine is also responsible for increasing the risks of blood clot and clogging. Aside from the heart, nicotine also has aging effects on the brain. The chemicals inside this substance affect and slowly deteriorate brain functions. When nicotine is introduced to adolescent brain, it may cause a long-lasting damage or consequence to the developing brain. This includes the higher addiction risk to other substances and even mental conditions and ailments (Late 30). The aging effect of nicotine also has an irreversible consequence on the skin. The effects are primarily roots from the nicotine chemicals which cause the cells in the body to act and behave erratically. The substance itself restricts blood flow which then prevents the skin from receiving important nutrients and anti-oxidants. The result is a dry, dull, and grayish skin. Chronic smokers also develop deep wrinkles around the eyes and mouth which causes them to look ten to twenty years older (Smoking and Skin Aging 6). Cocaine is also a harmful drug that easily ages the body. It is regarded as one of the most abused stimulant in the United States. This highly addictive drug is usually taken in by injection, smoking, swallowing, or snorting. It has a euphoric effect which makes the user calm, and even happy. However, cocaine also presents numerous negative health consequences. It slowly damages the heart, brain, and lungs. Its effects on the brain is particularly damaging as it alters its responsiveness. Studies also show that cocaine abuse causes seizure which can also lead to erratic or bizarre behavior. This substance also ages the heart as it increases the heart rate as well as the blood pressure. This causes the arteries to constrict which in turn, blocks the blood supply in the heart. Cocaine abuse can also trigger an abnormal heart rhythm. The strong effects of cocaine chemicals force the body’s organs to work twice as hard. This does not only cause the organ to age abruptly, but it also increases the risk of organ damage and even breakdown (Teen Drug Abuse 1). Alcohol is also another substance commonly abused by millions of people worldwide. It is found in almost every alcoholic beverages and liquors such as wine, beer, and spirits. When consumed in moderation, alcohol can be easily processed by the body. However, abuse of this substance can age and damage the body. A reason behind is largely due to the fact that the body requires a certain amount of time before it can properly absorb and dispose alcohol. Constant drinking and intake will automatically force the body to function abnormally, thus resulting to organ damage and infection (Aging and Alcohol Abuse 3). Alcohol affects crucial organs such as liver and the brain. Once alcohol is ingested, it becomes diffused in almost every tissue of the body. The liver, for instance, functions by breaking down the alcohol. It exactly takes one hour before the liver can process an alcoholic drink. However, constant use of this substance will eventually lead to liver cirrhosis and liver degeneration. The brain is also affected by excessive alcohol in take. It slows down major brain activities which can lead to forgetfulness and confusion. Often times, alcohol drinking affects an individual’s judgment which leads to erratic and even violent and aggressive behavior. Heavy drinking can also permanently cause damage to the central nervous system primarily because it impairs the function of the brain receptors (Aging and Alcohol Abuse 2). Aside from the liver and the brain, alcohol also causes the body to age physically. It dehydrates the body which causes the skin to look dry and dull. In some cases, this lack of moisture from the skin results to wrinkles and even skin cracks. This substance also affects the skin by depleting the body of all the essential minerals and vitamins. It especially impedes the absorption of Vitamin A which makes the skin look radiant. Thus, frequent and heavy drinkers exhibit a lifeless and dull looking skin. Some chronic drinkers also note that their skin color sometimes change into a yellowish or gray tone.

Explain The Need For Lesson Pacing English Language Essay

Explain The Need For Lesson Pacing English Language Essay Explain how pacing differs for a class that includes English language learner students from a class that does not include ELL students. Instructional pacing will vary from classroom to classroom based on any special needs of the students that occur in each classroom. A classroom that contains English Language Learners (ELL) needs to maintain a pacing  that is slower than a classroom that does not contain ELL students. ELL students need a pace that is much slower than non-ELL students. They need opportunities to ask questions during and after instruction, extended time requirements for activities, and longer wait times when being asked a question. Teachers need to provide students with a pace that is slower than non-ELL students; however, teachers should take care that the pace is not so slow that the natural rhythm of the English language is completely lost. ELL students need concepts to be broken down into less complex, easy steps that are offered at a more gradual pace. It is also necessary for teachers to check for student comprehension more often in an ELL classroom than it is for a teacher in a non-ELL classro om. It is essential for ELL students to receive instructional pacing that is according to their language and academic abilities. Teachers may need to make accommodations in their lesson plans to provide students with instruction that is paced according to their language abilities, but it is necessary for the ELL student to achieve academic and language success that the pace is adapted according to his/her needs.When a lesson is particularly complex, the teacher needs to provide students with a pacing that coincides with their ability levels. This is essentially the case in a classroom that contains ELL students. While a moderate pace could be adapted for a classroom that does not contain ELL students, a complex lesson may need to have a slower pace in a classroom with ELL students. ELLs need complex concepts broke down into simple and easy components, and sometimes need additional instruction in their first language, in order to gain appropriate comprehension of the subject. Because ELL students need more complex materials to be broken down into more easier, manageable steps, the instructional pacing that the teacher has established of planned for could be directly affected. Pacing would become much slower when concepts need more extensive instruction than what would normally be required. However, it is essential to remember that pacing must always take a backseat to the student being able to gain mastery of the content. Pacing does not govern the classroom-student learning does and with ELL students, that pace could become much slower at times and cause teachers to pick the essential content that must be taught and maybe foregoing extensive instruction on easier to grasp subjects. (I did not write thisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦copied from a website. It looked pretty good.) http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1820697/instructional_pacing_in_the_classroom_pg2.html?cat=4 Providing content clarity for ELL students requires a significantly slower pace of instruction in the classroom than teaching students who possess a fluent understanding of the English language at there age/grade level. Although preparation for a classroom with or without ELL students requires similar planning procedures, such as defining objectives and providing activities that reinforce what the students are learning, executing the lesson and reaching those objectives differs. Because ELL students do not possess the level of proficiency that non ELL students at a similar age possess, the teacher must speak more slowly and articulate the language on a level that students can understand, never assuming that they know what he/she is talking about. The teacher must also provide visual assistance more often in the form of words, pictures, graphic organizers, etc. The teacher must also provide more opportunities with ELL students to interact with one another in the classroom. This can be done by utilizing group work with partners, groups of three or more students, or teams that vary in language development so as to reinforce and encourage further language development. This gives children an opportunity to practice new language concepts that have been taught. Teaching ELL students also requires a special knack for providing lessons that incorporate a well rounded task set. Students that learn lessons that allow them to hear, speak, read and write words experience more effective reinforcement than students who only have one or two of those concepts provided in a lesson. Teach and Assessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.teach and assessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦teach and assessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦must be a constant and consistent technique. Explain how the complexity of lesson content can influence lesson pacing with a class that includes ELL studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Referring to the above paragraphà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦see key concepts and build on different ways in order to present them in the classroom. Each concept requires a framework that engages the students in using multi-sensory activities. If they seeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦written letters that make words that make sentences that make paragraphs that actually communicate somethingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦word walls, word study books, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, hear words spoken as vocabulary with definition and spoken in contextà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦word usage, touchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦using manipulatives in the classroom. Where words are concerned, writing them is key concept. Writing words and sentences that make sense. Speakà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ talking to the teacher and one another makes a huge difference. Interaction, interaction, interactionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦immersion in the language!!!

Texting A Use Of Communication English Language Essay

Texting A Use Of Communication English Language Essay Texting is one of the latest forms that people use to communicate. Much like other new technologies at the time, texting has developed its own manner lingo including abbreviations and graphics. It is much different from other forms of written communication; however, many are concerned about how texting affects overall affects the writing abilities of our youth. Does the abbreviated language somehow disrupt and discourage students from learning how to spell or when it is appropriate to use abbreviated speech and when it is not. Contrary to proper belief, Text messaging does not pose a serious threat to standard English spelling or literacy. Many of our fore fathers have advocated what texting has implemented. Benjamin Franklin was among the many brilliant minds of that century who advocated for a simplified spelling system (Hendrick 2008). Merriam Webster of Websters dictionary is responsible for removing the u from words like labor and color in an effort to make words more simplified and easier to spell. Many of these men including The Spelling Society still in existence today, wanted to see an English Language that was free from so many vowels and silent letters (Hendrick 2008). While these men may have been happy to see the various forms that texted words take on, changing the standard spelling of words overall require a great deal more effort than even some of our greatest minds could imagine. There have been many new technologies that have come along that may have appeared as a threat to the English language. When the telegraph was invented and used to transmit messages over long distances, there was never the fear that this type of abbreviated speech would somehow leak out into the public and destroy English as we know it (Sutherland 2008). Besides telegrams, there has been Morse Code, and CB radios. All of these technologies eventually fell by the wayside in favor of new and better ways to communicate. If the past is any indicator as to what we can expect in the future, than text messaging may also find its day on the chopping block. If text speech is here to stay, then it still poses no threat to the English language. As a matter of fact it is a segmented part of the English language. Much like a dialect, text speech has developed as a written form. As well noted, it differs greatly in structure, form and style from Standard English. When the writings of Zora Neale Hurston and many others showed the beauty and creativity of diverse English dialects, some were applauded while others were excited to see such richness and creativity. No one would argue that texting has a social or historical culture that is unique to a people, however, much like other dialects of the English language, there is still a standard enforced and reinforced by society overall. Text speech is very unstructured and has multiple variations for the same expressions. There has been various dictionaries and resource books that attempt to explain some standard abbreviations but there are very few absolutes. For example, According to Plester, Wood, and Bell (2008), when giving a group of middle school children a phrase to translate that included the word night into text speech, there were several variations. They included nite, niht, nyt, nte, and nigt (141). Other words have more common spelling such as L8 for late or the letter u for the word you. As a result of its non-standardized form, the only reliable method of written communications so that everyone understands still remains the standard. Another reason why texting does not pose a threat to the English language is its purpose. It is a spontaneously structured social interaction (Plester, Wood, and Bell 2008). Text spelling is derived from the need to communicate a message in a short amount of characters. This is due mainly to the fact that many cell phones only allow a certain amount of characters per message (Hendrick 2008). To avoid having to continue on to a part two, words are abbreviated and letters are left out and shortened as a means to fit it all in. By these measures, the misspellings that many people are afraid of occur intentionally as oppose to a lack of knowledge of the English language (Baron 2009). Some of the most common abbreviations such as LOL (laugh out loud), ILY ( I love you), OMG (oh my God), and BTW (by the way), and spellings may split over into formal writing in school. This is also a natural phenomenon as students find different ways to express their creativity (Barron 2009). As reported by Coulter (2008), majority of students know the difference between formal and informal writing. They are aware that in formal writing text abbreviations and emoticons are not appropriate. Educators must be prepared to accept text speech as an informal writing style, and should teach the students the difference the same way they teach the difference between appropriate uses for informal wiring such as for notes and email. The developments of these abbreviated words, of many different variations, each come from its phonological roots. In order make words, one has to have phonemic awareness in order to reconstruct the words into something meaningful and understood by others (Mangu-Ward 2010). According to Plester, Wood, and Bell (2008), texting requires a person to use metalinguistic awareness to slip between one register of language to another, as they deem it appropriate (p.143). It was a surprise to these researchers to find that children who use text messaging showed greater performance on verbal reasoning than children who did not. As a matter of fact, their research along with countless others has recorded no negative impact on children who use this as a method to communicate. According to a study done by Britains Coventry University children who use text abbreviations on their phones-lol, l8ter, and the like do better in reading and spelling in school (Mangu-Ward 2008 p. 14). Expanding a bit further, when researching various forms of computer mediated discourse, there has been no negative impact found at all on language skills (Hendrick 2008). There are reasons that can be used to explain why so many people are fearful that texting is destroying the English language. One reason is over exaggeration by the media (Hendrick 2008). Our system of media is famous for taking a subject that has very little research and attempting to sensationalize it to everyone. As reported previously, the fact that research shows that not only does texting not disrupt the education of youth but has also shown to increase test scores in other areas is very rarely reported by public media sources. That information does not make for a great story that impassioned individuals can throw their support behind. Although the research states clearly the benefits of texting, it is doubtful that there will be any impassioned parents or teachers throwing their support the other way. Another unintended benefit of texting is youths as well as adults are reading and writing much more frequently than they normally would. Youths get a chance to practice their reading and spelling everyday of their own choice (Mangu-Ward 2010). Although it is commonly known about the abbreviated versions and intentional misspelling of words, contrary to popular belief it does not occur nearly as much as one would expect. When Barron and Ling conducted a study of college students text messaging they found few more lexical shortenings; yet the grand total of clear abbreviations was only 47 out of 1,473 words, which is hardly overwhelming. The text message spelling myth has been dispelled by many respected professional researchers from various fields of study. Many educational systems are starting to see the light about this controversial form of communicating. Although texting is just one form of communication that has been targeted, other mediums of informal language that use abbreviated speech are used to help students. In one Seattle based high school, students in an American literature class must blog daily about strange and weird laws (Coulter 2008). Much like texting, the students are free to write as they feel with no penalty for grammar or spelling. Many students and teachers feel this is any appropriate way to not just explain, but show the students the difference between formal and informal writing, while letting them be as creative as they would like. This method of instruction encourages and contains the need of this type of expression. No matter how many text speech dictionaries are created, or how many new abbreviations become more common, there will always be a need for a standard form of communication and good writing skills (Coulture 2008). As communicative technology changes, so will the language used in these types of mediums. By understanding that texting is just another variation of the English language and not a full on frontal assault, people will be able to appreciate it for it true creative value and potential. Studies have clearly shown the benefits of texting on the youth in reference to spelling and literacy, so there should no longer be any fear about its harmfulness. Instead, the media should focus on finding solutions to the real issues of education, like resources, qualified teachers, and funding.

Essays --

Multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis interrupts the transmission of nerve impulses, resulting in a wide range of symptoms and decreased function. Comprehensive patient education about the nature and treatment of the disease can make a big difference for these patients. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a persistent autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which the immune system erroneously attacks the myelin sheath that protects nerve cell fibers in the brain and spinal cord. This process, which is called demyelization, leads to diminished or lost CNS function, muscle weakness, complexity with synchronization and balance, visual disturbances, exhaustion, cognitive impairments, and an array of associated symptoms. (Bornstein M. Miller A, Slagle S, et al. Clinical experience with COP-1 in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1988; 33 (suppl 2): 66-69). It obliterates the fatty myelin sheath that insulates your nerve cells. Devoid of this insulation, nerve communication is interr upted. The body then makes this worse by repairing it, and congestion the area with scar tissue. Signals going from your brain and brain stem, such as muscle synchronization signals or visual sensation signals, are slowed greatly, or just blocked off. Thus, a person afflicted with Multiple Sclerosis can experience any number of symptoms. Researchers are not sure yet as to the cause of Multiple Sclerosis. There is a type of deadlock among scientists and doctors whether it's or an amalgamation of the two, with the disease being inherited, but with a viral trigger, or just a simple chemical imbalance in the resistant system. One thing is certain, though. Several kind of defect in the immune system causes white blood cells to attack and destroy the myel... ...nical experience with COP-1 in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1988; 33(suppl 2):66-69. Ellison G, Myers LW, Mickey MR, et al. Clinical experience with azathioprine: the pros. Neurology 1988; 38(suppl 2):20-23. Silberberg DH. Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis: the cons. Neurology 1988; 38(suppl 2): 24-26. Hauser SL, Dawson DM, Lehrich Jr, et al. Intensive immunosuppression in progress multiple sclerosis: a randomized, three-arm study of high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide, plasma exchange and ACTH. N Engl J Med 1983; 308: 173-180. Likosky WH. Experience with cyclophosphamide in multiple sclerosis: the cons. Neurology 1988; 38(suppl 2): 14-18. Weiner HL, Mackin GA, Orva EJ, et al. Intermittent cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: final report of the Northeast Cooperative Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Group. Neurology 1991: 41: 1047.

Significance of Names in Flannery O’Conner’s Good Country People Essay

Significance of Names in Flannery O’Conner’s Good Country People The story â€Å"Good Country People†, by Flannery O’Conner is a work that uses characterization in a new and interesting way to help shape and present the characters of this story. One of the main characters is Hulga Hopewell, also known as Joy Hopewell. This characters name plays a very ironic role in the story. Through the use of such a peculiar name O’Conner helps to develop and build the characteristics of Hulga. In the story â€Å"Good Country People† the use of the name Hulga (Joy) Hopewell helps to further build upon the characterization of Hulga and give the reader a deeper understanding of the character. Joy Hopewell is the name given to Hulga by her mother and father when she was a baby. This name brings to mind a person who looks on the brighter side of things and doesn’t let things discourage her. In the readers mind this name may perhaps bring about the image of a teacher or someone who works with children in a well light happy place. It is also a softer more vulnerable name, which may have been O’Conner’s intent in using the name Joy. In the story Joy changes her name to Hulga Hopewell because of the fact that she feels it better suits her personality. During her childhood Hulga had an accident in which her leg was shot off of her body; therefore, she has to wear a wooden leg that is rather bulky so by having the name Hulga it helps her to deter many people from asking questions or trying to get too close to her. Due to this accident Hulga becomes a brooding person, not very fond of company and entertainment. The name Hulga brings to mind a rather lar ge Swedish woman who could probably break a man in half. It is a brooding name and awkward on ... ...k that perhaps she should have kept her original name of Joy because it does in fact suit her. Throughout this story it appears that there are two distinctly different sides of Hulga Hopewell. One side is that of Hulga large, brooding, and rude. The other side however, is softer and much more vulnerable. That side is Joy Hopewell. By using these two names together O’Conner creates a unique picture of this character. The revelation that Hulga’s real name is Joy gives the reader some insight and helps the reader to see the softer side of Hulga more easily. By using something as simple as a name in this story the author creates deeper meaning for each character. Works Cited O’Conner, Flannery. â€Å"Good Country People.† Literature An Introduction To Fiction, Poetry, And Drama. Eds. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia 3rd ed. New York Longman, 2003. 247-261

Academy Awards Ceremony

At the very first Academy Awards ceremony in 1929, the writing awards were already split into two categories: Best Writing, Original Story and Best Writing, Adaptation. (For the record, that first year saw the only presentation of an Oscar for Best Title Writing, an art that had become obsolete by the following year.) Over the next few decades, the delineation of the screenplay awards morphed a bit. For a while, three awards were presented: Best Original Screenplay, Best Original Story, and Best Story and Screenplay- confusing categorizations that speak to the tortured distinctions made by the Writers Guild when determining authorship. But for the last half century, the sensible division between an original screenplay and a screenplay based on a preexisting work has held. Writers and their audiences see a difference between the art of creating characters, situations and dialogue out of whole cloth and the art of turning an existing work into a film script with all the requisite transformations that such a translation entails. This is not to say that the distinction between an original and adapted work is always clear. In 2000, Joel and Ethan Coen ‘s O Brother, Where Art Thou? was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay thanks to a credit on the film that cheekily stated it was based on Homer's Odyssey. Eyebrows rose all over Hollywood: O Brother had about as much to do with the Odyssey as did The Wizard of Oz or really any story about someone lost who wants to go home. The Coens were perhaps prompt- ing the age-old debate as to whether any artwork, especially a narratively driven artwork, is ever truly original. In a broad sense, every storyteller obviously builds on the stories that came before him or her and relies on pre-programmed audience expectations. Harold Bloom's Anxiety of Influence addresses this topic with great insight, and an entire academic discipline, the study of â€Å"Intertextuality,† analyzes this phenomenon. The Oscar nominees for Best Original Screenplay this year – American Hustle, Blue Jasmine, Dallas Buyers Club, Her, and Nebraska – all utilize existing genre tropes, standard (or subverted) plot devices, patterns of dialogue derived from previous works, and so forth. Blue Jasmine is quite consciously based on Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire, with virtually every character and situation a direct outgrowth of the earlier work. The dialogue is new, but it's debatable as to whether the work is â€Å"Original† in the strictest sense. Certainly it is much more of an adaptation than O Brother, Where Art Thou? Conversely, one of the nominees for Best Adapted Screenplay this year is

Hershey chocolate Essay

Go the Hershey website to learn how to make Hershey chocolate. (There is also a â€Å"print friendly† version of the chocolate making process at the end of the video.) Review the process and take a look at some of the videos. Pay particular attention to the process steps of milling and pressing, mixing the ingredients, and refining. In at least one paragraph, describe the costing system that you would recommend Hershey use to account for its cost of goods sold and why. Include a few product costs you think would be traceable, which costs should be allocated and how Hershey should account and apply the manufacturing overhead costs. After reviewing the production videos on the Hershey’s website, it seems likely the company would use process costing versus job costing techniques to track the costs associated with producing the various chocolate bars. Both techniques will identify the costs associated with producing the candy bars, the difference is the process costing tech nique allocates the total cost of production across all units of output. This usually entails accumulation of costs for each stage (or department) of production and assigning those costs to all output from that stage. I feel that the process technique best matches the production process Hershey utilizes. Even on their website videos, Hershey breaks the production of the candy bars into seven separate functions, each with the end goal of developing the finest chocolate bars possible but with unique and separate processes. Just as Hershey has multiple processes, they will also have multiple product costs. A few traceable product costs that come to mind are associated with the seven website videos. The first film shows the production of the raw cocoa beans. The company will determine the costs associated with the purchase of raw materials such as the beans, sugar, and milk. This cost would be variable costs, as the production is increased, the volume of raw materials would also increase. The second stage of roasting and breaking the beans may also have variable inventory costs, and possibly a combination fuel costs to heat the roasters. Hershey will always have the fuel costs, but the amounts will vary depending on the amount of beans being roasted. The third stage of milling and pressing the beans will also have a combination of fuel cost to run the machinery. The process of blending and mixing of the chocolate looks to have a lot of direct labor and once again fuel costs to run mixers, heaters and dryers in addition to the various  employees creating direct labor costs. The refining process runs many heavy granite rollers and mixers to develop the chocolate into a smooth texture and will also generate additional fuel and power costs. Finally, the wrapping and packaging stages will have variable costs for the materials to wrap and package the candy in preparation for transportation to the consumer. In each of the categories, fuels and power costs are utilized in the preparation of the chocolate bars. This is one cost that one that could be allocated to each department. In addition, the facility costs, square footage and non direct labor may be allocated to the various departments. I feel Hershey should debit factory overhead for the actual costs incurred and credit Factory Overhead as these costs are allocated to Work in Process, which eventually gets transferred to expense as Cost of Goods Sold as shown via the preceding entries.

Math 214 Final Reflective Paper

Math 213 gives new teachers the tools needed to further understand what they will be facing when entering the classroom. There is a wide range of mathematic concepts covered throughout this course. Among them the major topics included: the principals and process standards for elementary school mathematics defined by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the application of problem-solving strategies using numerical patterns.Additional major concepts covered were the relations and functions to solve problems, base value, language sets, the value of the Venn diagrams, how to make reasonable estimates, and how to apply number theory to applications. Week one was the exploration of the six principles of elementary school mathematics: equity, curriculum, teaching, learning, assessment, and connection. These standards outline the understanding, knowledge, and skills student should acquire in each grade level. NCTM’s establishes focus and coherence into teacher’s efforts in improving mathematics.NCTM offers teachers examples and recommendations of a wide variety of educational circumstances that serve in the best interest of the student. They serve as a support group in guiding every educator in their efforts to improving how math will be presented in the classroom. Week one was also dedicated to showing the differences in how adults and children learn while investigating problem-solving strategies. The action of students with no prior knowledge of mathematics was quite overwhelming. When time is not an essence and logic does not exist students are surprisingly able to grasp concepts of mathematics.Revealing this process illustrates the importance of encouraging students to take risks while exploring problem solving. With the right tools put into place students can excel and possibly lead the way into higher mathematics. Week two covered several number systems, functions, patterns, and problem solving strategies. We thoroughly examined the H indu-Arabic, Tally, Egyptian, Mayan, Roman, and Babylonian number systems. With the introduction of language sets the Venn diagram proved to be a valuable tool. The use of visual aids and hands on tools for establishing base values are a necessity when introducing the fundamentals.Manipulation techniques and visual aids give students the opportunity to explore math beyond the numbers and presents ides that students can relate to. After grasping knowledge of the fundamentals students can use them to connect with higher levels of mathematics. Week three was the analysis of algorithms and the discovery of the importance in giving students the freedom to contemplate their own. Many studies have shown students who create their own algorithms have a stronger mathematic grasp on the skills needed to work out problems on their own. Also introduced in week three was the importance of mastering addition prior to multiplication.Students who master addition realize that multiplication is repeat ing addition and can use it as a tool when checking their multiplication answers. The number line and group activities used during this week incorporated concepts of estimation and rounding and demonstrated how students can judge the accuracy of their answers. Carrying forward was the introduction of multiplication properties. They include: Commutative Property, changing the order, Associative Property, changing the grouping factors, and the Identity Property were one is the same as the other.The knowledge of these operations makes it easier for students to understand multiplication. The concepts in week three set a foundation needed to expand on. Students must have an understanding of numbers and the different ways they are represented. These concepts are useful application to present and future math challenges. Week four covered the difficulties that students have with fractions. Visual aids, manipulation, and using realistic relationships prove to be useful as teacher interpret f ractions, decimals, percents, and problems solving techniques to students.Circular shape objects create a superior surface in showing a whole numbers and are a good starting point when explaining the meaning of the numerator and the denominator. Manipulation of objects and relating math concepts to everyday life may help students with other styles of learning. Beans and blocks are just some objects teachers can use in manipulation and the score to last nights football game might be something students can relate to. There is great deal of sources available to teachers that illustrate and explain different approaches that can help students grasp mathematic concepts like fraction, decimal, percent, nd problem solving. Teachers have formed support groups online, around the nation, that are dedicated to helping students connect to math. Finally, my reflection after week five proves to be filled with valuable information needed for the development of a professional math instructor. This c ourse has improved my understanding of math in general and has given me the tools to explore a student’s mind. Through thorough investigations I have found different approaches that may best suited in presenting mathematic concepts into a classroom.

Industrial Revolution Essay

Industrial revolution describes the period between 1750 and 1850, in which tremendous changes characterized by developments in textile, iron were realized. The revolution was spearheaded by Britain. Modern historians refer to these changes as the first industrial revolution (Clark, 2007). The second revolution was characterized by steel, electronics and automobiles and was spearheaded by Germany (Clark, 2007). The Industrial Revolution was a period filled with drastic social and economic changes. The transformation between hand-made tools and goods to machine-manufactured products changed not only the economy, but also the lives of the workers. The first changes began in Great Britain in the 1780’s and spread across Europe and North America by the 19th century leaving a profound effect on the entire world. The Industrial Revolution effected every aspect of human society including the nature of work, child labor, and health conditions of the workers. Agriculture was a dominant job for workers before the Industrial Revolution. Sebastian Le Prestre Vauban listed many typical jobs including â€Å"†¦mowing, harvesting, threshing, woodcutting, working the soil and the vineyards, clearing land, ditching, carrying soil to vineyards or elsewhere, laboring for builders and several other tasks†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wiesner 152) in his tax-reform proposal. This document shows that life as farmer consisted of purely manual labor. Although these jobs were arduous and demanding, the typical agricultural worker was only employed for half the year according to Vauban. Agriculture was a task-based working system where the work was completed according to a completing a task by a certain deadline. As long as the tasks  were completed on time, the hours spent working were not tightly regimented. With the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, workers moved from the fields to the factories. The Industrial Revolution had a great impact on the human’s rights and conditions and it also resulted in significant technological advancements, but it can be categorically stated that the technological advancements during the Industrial Revolution were paramount when compared to the revolution’s impact upon human rights and conditions. Agriculture was the main-stay for livelihood before the era of Industrial Revolution. Most of the people owned farmlands and workers were employed to work in the farms. Although Industrial revolution brought about significant economic development throughout Europe, there were also considerable social and cultural changes seen as well (Snooks, 2002). Industrial revolution had a tremendous transformation on the middle class, which initially was comprised of industrialists and businessmen to another class of noble and gentry people. There were increased employment opportunities for the ordinary working people in the industries, but under s trict working conditions. There work was monitored and controlled by machines hence long hours of work (Clark, 2007). Industrial revolution led to the introduction of urbanization since many people relocated to the cities to look for employment in factories; such as the water power silk mill and the cotton spinning mill. This was characterized by dense, cramped housing and poor living conditions. There was the introduction of new laws guarding child labor, public health and working condition for the ordinary workers to avoid exploitation of the minority (Snooks, 2002). As much as there were positive effects of the industrial revolution such as urbanization, there was also a negative impact on industrial revolution that comprised of people who were anti technologists such as the luddites (Clark, 2007). There was a change in culture since new cities grew rapidly, affecting families and peer groups. For instance, there was an influence in drugs by peer groups and the following: Economic Changes During the first industrial revolution, there was an unprecedented economic transformation; there was a tremendous increase in population growth that  was sustained. This led to considerable expansions of commercial activities in Europe (Snooks, 2002). Steam power was invented that was used to provide power in the factories, used for mining, and transport. It replaced human labor and introduced machines that could do mining in depth, increase production in the industries, and fast means of transport to the markets. The textile industry was changed by new machines the spinning Jenny allowing for much higher production at lower costs and in less time (Jacob, 1997). Thanks to the industrial revolution that brought about, better transport system such as the canals and then the railway. These provided quick, better means of transporting raw materials from the mines and also finished products to the market. Trade expansion was enabled. There was also much development in metal and chemica l industries due to the industrial revolution that provided better working conditions for its workers (Clark, 2007). Development of all-metal machine tools enabled the manufacture of more production machines for industries. These spread all over Western Europe and North America then to the rest of the world. The industrial revolution facilitated the manufacture of more production machines. Causes of Industrial revolution Industrial revolution came about due to several inventions and the scientific revolution allowing for new discoveries such as technology. Resources required for the industrial revolutions were readily available hence boost industrialization to occur. There was a culture of hard work, developing ideas and risk taking that initiated for the industrial revolution in Europe. Availability of large amount of capital that Europe was ready to use for investment also led to the industrial revolution (Clark, 2007). There was the end of feudalism that changed the economic relationship among the Europe continent, this encouraged industrial revolution. A large population that allowed for industrial workforce was available. Conclusion As much as Western Europe tried to do away with capitalism, industrial revolution contributed to the creation of a true capitalist system. There was wide spread of investments, stock markets, and business corporations. Britain was the main advocator for the industrial revolution due to the agricultural revolution. The British kings lost power and the land holders  gained power (Clark, 2007). There is no doubt that the Industrial Revolution was one of the most influential time periods of human history. It was almost solely responsible for propelling society into the modern economies that we still have in place today. The technological advances of this time are what allowed for the mass production of goods and services for society, which allowed for trade to be conducted on a much larger scale. Additionally, the average family saw in increase in the amount of income that they received because an unskilled worker could find work in one of the many new factories that were opened to pro duce the goods needed for the business world. Unfortunately the workers of the time were usually taken advantage of because of their apparent lack of skill and the abundance of workers available for the same jobs. This created a work environment especially negative for women who would be treated unfairly in the workplace and would receive less pay for the work that they did. Prompted by the oppression that many in the working class felt, literary works were put out to inspire the workers to take back their freedoms. Karl Marx advocated for a revolution of the working class over the management that held them back. Bakunin advocated for the overthrow of the government to get society to a natural state of harmony, and the Pope pushed for a united workers front where the government protected its citizens from being oppressed in the workplace. Over the course of the Industrial Revolution the worker saw vast changes, which ultimately lead to the economic times we have now that are improved from the days of the past. Works Cited Clark, G. (2007). A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World. Princeton University Press. Princeton University Press: Princeton. Jacob, M. (1997). Scientific Culture and the Making of the Industrial West. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Snooks, G. D. (2002). Was the Industrial Revolution Necessary. London: Routledge. (2008, 04). Impact of the Industrial Revolution. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 04, 2008, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Impact-Of-The-Industrial-Revolution-144806.html â€Å"Industrial Revolution Research Paper† StudyMode.com. 05 2011. 2011. 05 View as multi-pages

Lab Results Fermenter Essay

To determine the amount of anti-microbial peptide production by Staphylococcus warneri under various conditions when 2L and 10L Fermented. To Test the effects of one uncontrolled parameters sush as pH, Temperature or dissolved Oxygen and compare findings. To produce anti-microbial activity from Staphylococcus warneri.Staphylococcus warneri is a member of bacterial genus Staphylococcus, consisting of Gram-positive bacteria with spherical cells appearing in clusters. Colonies of S. warneri are usually tan, yellow and about 2-4mm in diameter after 48 hours incubation at 35Â °C. It is commonly found as part of the skin flora on humans and animals. S. warneri rarely causes disease, but may occasionally cause infection in patients whose immune system is compromised. S. warneri is known to produce antimicrobial peptide activity in the form of Nisin. The optimum conditions for this to occur are pH 7. Nisin is a polycylic antibacterial peptide with 34 amino acid residues used as a food preservative. It is produced by bacterium and which contains antimicrobial activity and which is known as a bacteriocin. Nisin has been found to have properties that can control spoilage caused by lactic acid bacteria.

World literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

World literature - Essay Example From my own point of view, I think history is subordinate to literature. The fact that literature will only reflect on historical events even with an added creativity, it demonstrates the inevitable reliance of literature on history (Nichols, 2010). History shapes the existing forms of literature. Hence, it is arguably true that history creates literature though it only forms the backbone. Literature narrates to us historical events to us with abject memory, logic, and ease (Frisina, 2006). However, literature has also borrowed from history in making laws where all laws rely on teachings from the early holy books like the Bible and Quran. Consequently, literature defines history in that it provides a timeline for history and specifically enables us to learn history in a more approachable, understandable and interesting manner. There are limits of interpretation, social and historical dimensions, authenticity, and facts about author’s life in analyzing literary works. In conclu sion, I note that to get the definite relationship between history and literature we may need to look at their causes and effects. Hence, a research on these aspects will help in defining explicitly the meanings of history and

Concept Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Concept Analysis - Assignment Example This article is geared towards analyzing the nursing concept of â€Å"patient centered care. In this case, the article will focus on explaining various items that pertains to this concept o as to put it in better perspectives for easier applicability. When analyzing this concept, the article will lay more emphasis on various nursing theories on which this concept is enshrined. These theories include the normative decision theory, need theory, interactive theory and humanistic theory. The aim of this concept analysis is to relate the nursing concept of patient centered care with various theories of nursing. This is important because the students and researchers will be able to get important information relating to various needs that patients have. Further, the article is important as it describes the significance of prioritizing the patients in all decisions made in a health care system. The first definition of Patient-Centered Care was given by Kinyua (2013) as the one takes place when the nurse and the entire health care sector recognizes the patient as the source of control and decision making and full partner in providing coordinated and compassionate care based on respect and honor for the patient’s needs, preferences, and value. In this case, the author declared that the most important step in establishing a patient-centered care is by engaging the patient body in making important decisions. In this case, policies that are adopted by the management should be the one that are geared toward enabling a better environment for medical and nursing care provision. Further, Kinyua (2013) argues that the concept of Patient-Centered Care has been ignored for a very long time because of the capitalist nature of our societies. In this case, many nursing facilities are more concerned with making more money in the expense of providing quality healthcare services. to reverse this and to be more

Regulations Impacting Human Recourses Management Assignment

Regulations Impacting Human Recourses Management - Assignment Example The human resource in health care organization is required to outline the qualifications and performance prospects for all its employees. They are also expected to provide encouragement to employees to engage in self-development and pursue further education. (Joint Commission Resources, Inc, 2003).Score HR requirements in healthcare, as defined by JCAHOScoring is based on standards and certain requirements pertinent to the quality and safety of healthcare provided to patients. JCAHO ensures that standard compliance scoring is reflective of the health care organization’s performance with regard to JCAHO’s set standards and elements of performance and transparency. The process should be understood by everyone involved and is based on the principle that certain standards are vital or at times have a direct impact on patients (Staff, JCAHO and Joint Commission Resources, 2004).According to JCAHJO, standards are scored taking into consideration the compliance score of every element of performance (Staff, Jcaho and Joint commission resources (2004). It is a requirement that before the HR department can determine its compliance with the standards, it must score its compliance with the elements of performance first. Scoring is categorized into A, B, and C. In each category, the organization must ensure that its element of performance meets its performance expectations. The elements of performance are usually scored on three scales; 0, signifies insufficient compliance; 1 signifies partial compliance; and 2 is set for satisfactory compliance. Organizations rating with regard to the requirements Our hospital currently has a rating of ‘1’ since it has only partially complied with the requirements of JCAHO. This is due to the fact that the hospital’s human resource department is still in the process of trying to define the qualification and performance of its employees. Our human resource department has also not completed the process of employing the required number of staff with requisite qualifications. Affirmative action in healthcare In every organization, equal employment opportunities should be presented to everyone without discrimination based on race, gender, ethnicity, class, religion, color, sexual orientation, disability or national origin in so far as they meet the required standards. With affirmative action, however, the underrepresented group(s) is given due consideration with a view of countering the effects of historical